PPSC Lecturer Psychology Past Papers and Solved MCQs

1). After detailed study of a gunshot wound victim a psychologist concludes that the brain region destroyed is likely to be important for memory functions. Which research did the psychologists use to deduce this?

(a). case study

(b). Survey

(c). Correlational

(d). Experimental

2). The term phenotype refers to:

(a). The observable properties of the body and behavioral traits

(b). A photographic representation of chromosomes in a single cell

(c). The observable properties of the body and the behavioral traits that are caused by the environment and not by genes

(d). The observable properties of the body and the behavioral traits that are caused by genes and not by the environment

3). Newborn is referred to as a:

(a). fetus

(b). embryo

(c). neonate

(d). baby

4). What would Gestalt psychologist say is reversing in a reversible figure, such as the vase-faces figure in your textbook?

(a). figure-ground relations

 (b). Perception of similarity

(c). Good continuation

(d). Border and texture

5). Communication between neurons or between a neuron and a muscle cell takes place across:

(a). Synapses

(b). Interneurons

(c). Nodes

(d). Axons

6). The tendency to organize stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns is called:

(a). Closure

(b). Continuity

(c). Similarity

(d). Proximity

7). Which parenting style usually produces children with the greatest confidence and self-esteem?

(a). Permissive

(b). Authoritarian

 (c). Authoritative

(d). rejecting-neglecting

8). The seventeenth-century philosopher who believed that the mind is blank at birth and that most knowledge comes through sensory experience is:

(a). Plato

(b). Aristotle

 (c). Descartes

 (d). Locke

9). Movement illusions such as the moon-cloud ‘illusion, in which the moon appears to race from cloud to cloud, illustrate the role in visual perception played by:

(a). Binocular disparity

(b). a frame of reference

(c). A linear perspective

(d). bottom-up processing

10). According to Erikson, isolation is to intimacy as role confusion is to:

(a). Mistrust

(b). Guilt

(c). Inferiority

(d). Identity

11). At times, Fareeha contemplates suicide. Which of the following terms would best describe in Freudian terms what motivates those thoughts?

(a). basic instincts

(b). the preconscious

(c). Eros

d)Thanatos

12). Which of the following is the brain structure that regulates the body’s internal environment, in part through influences on the autonomic nervous system and hormones

(a). Hippocampus

(b). Amygdala

(c). Medulla

(d). Hypothalamus

13). The process by which sensory information is converted into neural energy is:

(a). Sensory adaptation

(b). Feature detection

(c). Signal detection

(d). Transduction

14). The procedure designed to ensure that the experimental and control groups do not differ in any way that might affect the experiment’s results is called:

(a). Variable controlling

(b). Random assignment

(c). Representative sampling

 (d). Stratification

15). Which perspective emphasizes the learning of observable responses?

(a). Behavioral

(b). social-cultural

(c). Neuroscience

(d). Cognitive

16). A person identify a word faster if it is part of a meaningful sentence than if it is part of a meaningless string of words. This observation constitutes evidence for the:

(a). Eye-movement readiness theory

(b). Attenuation theory of/attention

(c). Power of top-down processing

(d). Power of bottom-up processing

17). In one of Pavlov’s experiments, a dog learned to salivate at the sound of a bell. In this case, the bell was…………..and the salivation it elicited was……

(a). An unconditioned stimulus; a conditioned response

(b). A conditioned stimulus; a conditioned response

(c). A conditioned stimulus; an unconditioned response

(d). A conditioned reflex; a conditioned response

18). Pinna is part of the:

(a). Outer ear

(b). Oval window

(c). Cochlea

 (d). Ossicles

19). Arif, a junior in high school, regularly attends Mosque because his family and friends think he should. Which stage of moral reasoning in Arif in?

(a). Preconventional

(b). Conventional

(c). Post conventional

(d). Too little information to tell

20). The phenomenon of spontaneous recovery provides evidence that:

(a). Extinction returns the learner to the unconditioned state

(b). Extinction inhibits but does not destroy the conditioned reflex

(c). Extinction will not occur in a thoroughly conditioned subject

(d). Both a and b

21). A hormone that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in times of emergency is:

(a). Epinephrine

(b). Acetylcholine

 (c). Testosterone

(d). Insulin

22). Echoic memories fade after approximately:

(a). 1 hour

(b). 1 minute

(c). 30 seconds

(d). 1 second

23). The size of the pupil is controlled by the:

(a). Lens

(b). Retina

 (c). Cornea

 (d). Iris

24). Which of the following is not a behaviorist?

(a). Skinner

(b). Maslow

(c). Watson

(d). Dollard

25) . A…………. is a tentative explanation of a phenomenon that can be tested and then supported or rejected:

(a). Law

(b). Theory

(c). Scientific principle

(d). Hypothesis

26). Which of the following is not a projective technique?

(a). Word association

(b). MMPI

(c). Rorschach

 (d). Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank

27). Sammy’s parents refuse to believe that he has cancer and continue to tell their friends that he has had surgery to remove a “cyst”. They are practicing the defense mechanism of:

(a). Denial

(b). Displacement

(c). Fantasy

(d). Rationalization

28). The portion of a DNA molecule that contain the code for the manufacture of one specific type of protein molecule is called:

(a). A gene

(b). A chromosome

(c). An autosome

 (d). AN RNA molecule

29). The humanistic approach to psychology was founded by:

(a). Wundt and James

(b). Rogers and Maslow

(c). Watson and Skinner

(d). Freud and Jung

30). The system primarily related to behavior in the areas of motivation and emotion is the:

(a). Endocrine system

(b). central nervous system

(c). Somatic nervous system

(d). peripheral nervous system

31). A psychologist who assesses the effects of noise levels in a factory and the incidence of accidents is probably a /an …………………..psychologist:

(a). Psychoanalytic

(b). Social

(c). industrial

(d). commercial

32). Psychology is concerned with the study of:

(a). overt behavior only

(b). how groups exchange resources

(c). mind and behavior

(d). how aggregate behavior is specified

33). Abraham Maslow is a chief proponent of the _________ school of human behavior:

(a). behaviorist

(b). Structuralism

 (c). Humanist

(d). Functionalist

34). Who wrote the classical book entitled The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals?

(a). James

(b). Darwin

 (c). Lorenz

 (d). McDougall

35). B. F. Skinner’s laboratory procedures were most clearly modeled on:

(a). Pavlov’s salivation measurement technique

(b). Thorndike’s puzzle boxes

(c). Watson’s procedures to condition a fearful response

(d). Tolman’s maze-learning experiments

36). A double-blind experimental design is used to minimize:

(a). cohort effects

(b). experimenter bias

(c). the halo effect

(d). reactance

37). The brain area central to language production is:

(a). Broca’s area

(b). Sylvain fissure

(c). Wernicke’s area

(d). fissure of Rolando

38). Which psychological specialists are most likely to be involved in applied research?

(a). industrial/organizational psychologists

(b). Developmental psychologists

(c). Personality psychologists

(d). Biological psychologists

39). Which neurons carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles and glands:

(a). Sensory

(b). Inter

(c). Motor

(d). Dorsal

40). Behavior therapists can help people to overcome such unwanted habits as smoking or overeating through:

(a). Operant conditioning

(b). Observational learning

(c). Place learning (d). habituation

41). A patient walks with a jerky, uncoordinated motion. A good preliminary diagnosis would be damage to the:

(a). Thalamus

(b). Amygdala

(c). Reticular activating system

(d). Cerebellum

42). A peculiar, intoxication-type behavior in which a person loses normal control of his emotions is characteristic of:

(a). Fatigue

 (b). Oxygen starvation

(c). Thirst

(d). Hunger

43). Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a neural impulse?

(a). Axon, dendrite, cell body, synapse

(b). Dendrite, axon, cell body, synapse

(c). Synapse, axon, dendrite, cell body

(d). Dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse

44). Suppose your aunt routinely has difficulty falling asleep and as a result feels tired during the day. Your aunt is suffering from:

(a). Insomnia

 (b). nonsomnia

 (c). Cataplexy

(d). Dream deprivation

45). The receptors for hearing are located in:

(a). The outer ear

(b). The middle ear

(c). The inner ear

(d). All parts of the ear

46). Psychodrama is a form of which of the following managerial training techniques?

(a). Incident

(b). Sensitivity

(c). Role playing

(d). Free association

47). Carl Rogers suggested that the ______ is a central feature of personality:

(a). Collective unconscious

(b). Oedipus complex

(c). Self-concept

(d). Persona

48). Learning that is not immediately demonstrated in the animal’s behavior is called:

(a). Observational learning

 (b). Imprinting

(c). Latent learning

 (d). Delayed learning

49). Jamal takes the same test of mechanical reasoning on several different days and gets virtually identical scores. This suggests that the test has:

(a). High content validity

(b). High reliability

(c). High predictive

(d). Been standardized

50). According to the serial position effect, when recalling a list of words you should have the greatest difficulty with those

(a). At the beginning of the list

(b). At the end of the list

(c). At the beginning and end of the list

(d). In the middle of the list

51). The term schema refers to:

(a). A proposition

(b). A control process in long-term memory

(c). The mental representation of a concept

(d). The hierarchical organization of information

52). Gender identity refers to:

(a). One’s biological sex

(b). The Sense of being male or female

(c). The set of expected behaviors for males and for females

(d). How masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is

53). The lobes of the brain located in the back of the head are the:

(a). Temporal lobes

(b). Occipital lobes

(c). Parietal lobes

(d). Frontal lobes

54). In the normal human male, the sex chromosomes consist of………… and in the normal human female they consist of:

(a). an XY pair; an XX pair

(b). an XX pair, an XY pair

(c). a YY pair; and XX pair

(d). an XX pair, a YY pair

55). In Pavlov’s original experiment with dogs, the meat served as a/an:

(a). CS

(b). CR

(c). DCS

(d). UCR

56). Instinct theory and drive-reduction theory both emphasize _________ factors in motivation:

(a). Environmental

(b). Cognitive

(c). Psychological

(d). biological

57). Which of the following reactions or responses to stress would be considered maladaptive?

(a). Relaxation

(b). Cognitive reappraisal

(c). Aggression

 (d). Exercise

58). The effects of memory interference are greatest when the two sets of items are:

(a). Similar in nature

(b). Learned in different contexts

(c). Dissimilar in nature

(d). Unusual

59). if you wanted to develop a test of musical aptitude in children of Northern Areas of Pakistan, which would be the appropriate standardization group?

(a). children all over the world

(b). children of Northern Areas of Pakistan

(c). children of musical parents

(d). children with known musical ability

60). If asked to guess the intelligence score of a stranger, your best guess would be:

(a). 75

(b). 100

(c). 125

(d). “I don’t know, intelligence scores vary too widely.”

61). If you let your thoughts flow freely, without concern for conventional logic, and record every image and idea that enters your awareness, you would be engaging in something similar to the technique Freud called:

(a). Psychoanalysis

(b). Secondary process

(c). Projection

(d). Free association

62). To qualify as a good psychological test, an instrument should have:

(a). Reliability

(b). Validity

(c). Adequate norms

(d). all of the above

63). Natural selection is the process by which:

(a). A species becomes adapted to its environment

(b). Nature achieves its long-term goals

(c). An individual adapts to its own environment

(d). A breeder creates desirable strains of animals

64). In screening application whose employment would involve winding small electronic coils. Which of the following would be most useful?

(a). Intelligence tests

(b). Pursuit rotor

(c). Finger dexterity test

(d). Electrical knowledge tests

65). If developmental psychologists want to learn about an individual’s development, they should use which of the following methods?

(a). Longitudinal

(b). Cross-sectional

(c). Either a or b

(d). Neither a nor b

66). In children, the presence of bizarre and repetitive activities, a fascination with unusual objects, and on obsession with maintaining the sameness of their environment are signs of:

(a). Hyperactivity

(b). Obsessive-compulsive disorder

(c). Autism

(d). Mania

67). People’s knowledge of their own past experiences is considered-information:

(a). procedural

(b). Episodic

(c). Semantic

(d). Conceptual

68). A child whose father has a beard and who uses the word daddy to refer to all men with beards is:

(a).. Overextending the word

(b). Babbling

(c). Exhibiting development dysphasia

(d). Exhibiting weak attachment to the father

69). Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on interpersonal attraction?

(a). Similarity of need

(b). Proximity

(c). Educational balance

(d). Similarity of background

70). A psychological test can measure:

(a). Behavior

(b). Aptitudes

(c). Attitude

(d). all of the above

71). In the opponent-process theory, the three pairs of processes are:

(a). Red-green, blue-yellow, black-white

(b). Red-blue, green-yellow, black-white

(c). Red-yellow, blue-green, black-white

(d). Dependent upon the individual’s past experience

72). Which of the following figures is known for developing field theory?

(a). Festinger

(b). Asch

(c). Lewin

(d). Triplett

73). The three basic components of prejudice are effective:

(a). Internal and external

(b). Real and imagined

(c). Descriptive and prescriptive

 (d). Cognitive and behavioral

74). The historical movement associated with the statement “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is:

(a). Parapsychology

(b). Behavioral psychology

(c). Functional psychology

(d). Gestalt psychology

75). In order, the sequence of steps in the PRTR method is:

(a). Preview, review, think actively, read

(b). Plan, read, take notes, review

(c). Preview, read, think actively, review

(d). plan, review, take notes, read

76). In order to solve a particular problem, subjects must use a hammer and a nail as units of measurement. This experiment is most directly concerned with:

(a). Demand characteristics

(b). Crystallized intelligence

(c). Functional fixedness

(d). Semantic priming

77). The social distance scale is mainly a measure of:

(a). Ethnic attitude

(b). Cohesiveness of a group

(c). Upward social mobility

 (d). Social class differences

78). By obtaining two scores for one subject with just one test, a researcher achieves:

(a). Test-retest reliability

(b). Alternate reliability

(c). Split-half reliability

 (d). Parallel reliability

79). If a person tries to solve a problem or becomes excited in a waking state, the EEG is most likely to show:

(a). Spindles

(b). Alpha waves

(c). Beta waves

(d). Delta waves

80). The body’s center for regulating temperature are both located in the:

(a). Cerebral cortex

(b). Hypothalamus

(c). Limbic system

(d). Parasympathetic nervous system

81). The victim of a car accident has no physiological feeling in his body. He can, however, think and speak. The man notices that since the injury, his emotions have been practically nonexistent. This situation supports which theory of emotion?

(a). James-Lange theory

(b). Cannon-Bard theory

(c). Sperry theory

(d). Post-traumatic stress theory

82). Choose the word that does not belong in the set:

(a). Ingestion of food

(b). Constriction of bronchi

(c). Decrease in heartbeat

(d). Pupil dilation

83). Activation of the sympathetic nervous system………respiration and………

Salivation:

(a). Increases; increases

(b). Increases; decreases

(c). Decreases; decreases

(d). Decreases; increases

84). The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the:

(a). Anal stage

(b). Oral stage

(c). Latency stage

(d). Phallic stage

85). The theory which suggests that people learn attitudes by observing their own behavior is:

(a). Operant conditioning

(b). C R

(c). Self-perception

(d). Vicarious learning

86). Which of the following is a natural pain killer?

(a). Dopamine

(b). Serotonin

(c). Endorphins

 (d). Prozac

87). The Big Five were identified by means of:

(a). Factor analysis

(b). Projective tests

(c). Free association

(d). Clinical intuition

88). The humanistic perspective emphasizes the importance of:

(a). Free association

(b). Self-determination

(c). Reciprocal determinism

 (d). Personality inventories

89). In a positively skewed distribution, which of the following gives the correct relative sequence from left to right of central tendency measures?

(a). Mean, median, mode

(b). Mode, median, mean

(c). Mean, median, and mode are all at the same point

(d). Median, mode, mean

90). The fact that we expect good looking people to also be competent, good humored, and intelligent is an example of:

(a). The Barnum effect

(b). A social advantage

(c). The halo effect

(d). Conformity

91). Freud posited and instinctive force that powers the sex drive but can be redirected into behaviors that are not overtly sexual. His name for this force was:

(a). ego

(b). Anxiety

(c). Libido

(d). Id

92). Elevators seem to “close in” and small rooms create feelings of fear that seem unbearable in:

(a). Anxiety reaction

(b). Acrophobia

(c). ochlophobia

(d). Claustrophobia

93). Axis II of the DSM-IV TR is used for:

(a). Clinical disorders and other conditions

(b). Personality disorders and mental retardation

(c). General medical conditions

(d). Global assessment of functioning

94). According to William Sheldon’s system of somatotypes, which of the following body types would correspond to an inhibited, intellectual personality?

(a). somatomorph

(b). Mesomorph

(c). Endomorph

 (d). Ectomorph

95). Lithium salts have been found to be an effective treatment for:

(a). Down’s syndrome

(b). Schizophrenia

(c). Bipolar disorder

(d). Identity disorder

96). In a psychoanalytic case study, Tayyab criticizes his brother Sami’s tendency to steal things when in fact Tayyab, not Sami, has been caught shoplifting on several occasions. According to psychoanalytic theory, Tayyab is most likely displaying which of the following defense mechanisms?

(a). Repression

(b). Compensation

(c). Rationalization

(d). Projection

97). If 70% of the variance found in the scores in a population are attributable to genetic factors, then the heritability index would be:

(a). 0.30

(b). 0.03

(c). 0.07

(d). 0.70

98). Which form of schizophrenia contains delusions of grandeur of persecution?

(a). Residual

(b). Disorganized

(c). Catatonic

(d). Paranoid

99). The person smokes a cigarette and, because of earlier drug administration, becomes nauseous in a technique known as:

(a). Chaining

(b). Extinction

(c). Aversive conditioning

(d). Reciprocal inhibition

100). Ghazala have six cousins aged 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, and 16. The mean age of her cousin is:

(a). 6

(b). 6

(c). 7

(d). 8